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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(1-2):1-11 Experimentation with the "Fire-Hardening" of Wood Stephen G. Warfel |
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This paper presents the methods and results of experimentation with
the "fire-hardening" of wood. Thirty digging stick replicas made
from deciduous and coniferous wood species were variously heat
treated and subjected to both hardness and abrasion tests. Standard
hardness testing proved all samples to be adversely effected by
exposure to fire, while tests of wear or abrasion produced contrary
results. Explanations of the experiment's outcome are provided in
terms of physical, chemical, and mechanical wood science. |
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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(1-2):12-20 A Dated Brewerton Component In Armstrong County, Pennsylvania Richard L. George and Christine E. Davis |
| A 1980 test excavation of the multi-component Brown site,
36AR188, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, isolated a 50 cm thick
Brewerton component stratum with significant typological
considerations. A 4140 B. C. C-14 date for a feature containing two
Brewerton Side Notched points is indicative of longevity for the
type in the Upper Ohio Valley based on comparisons with dated
components from other sites. A local variant of the type that is
recognizable by an acute tip is described and functionally analyzed. |
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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(1-2):29-36 Fort Ancient and the Persistence of Blade-Core Industries James A. Robertson |
| It has been suggested recently that a formal blade-core industry
was an integral part of Fort Ancient lithic technology. Further, it
was suggested that this technology was ultimately derived from
Hopewell antecedents. Careful examination of the data used to
support this hypothesis is found to be lacking. A consideration of
the chipped stone assemblages from various Fort Ancient and Late
Woodland sites suggests that formal blade-core industries are
lacking in them and that the disappearance of the Hopewell
blade-core industry was as sudden as its appearance. |
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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(1-2):37-41 Function of the Perkiomen Broad Point: Another Point of View F. Dayton Staats |
| Since the first description, more than 30 years ago, the
Perkiomen Broad point has been considered a projectile point type.
Recently, this assumption has been challenged (Pennsylvania
Archaeologist 54, (3,4)). A new theory suggests that the Perkiomen
was a heavy-duty cutting implement, a knife/cleaver. This article is
a rebuttal to the latter supposition. |
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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(1-2):42-51 An Assessment of Contract Archaeological Research in Southeastern Pennsylvania, 1975-1985 Jay F. Custer |
| All contract archaeological reports on projects from
southeastern Pennsylvania submitted to the Pennsylvania Historical
and Museum Commission between 1975 and 1985 were reviewed as part of
a Pennsylvania Archaeological Council project to assess the state of
contract archaeology in the state. Many of the reports have serious
deficiencies, such as poor or nonexistent research designs,
inadequate regional overviews, and no problem orientation.
Nonetheless, many of the reports are quite good and contract
archaeology has furthered our knowledge of the historic and
prehistoric past in southeastern Pennsylvania. |
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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(3-4):1-21 |
| The Crawford-Grist Site (36FA262) represents an Early Wood
land, possibly Adena, habitation locus occupying a topo graphic
bench and saddle overlooking the Monongahela River valley in
southwestern Pennsylvania. Test excavations resulting from a
cultural resource management study of a pro posed surface coal mine
tract revealed the presence of cultural features associated with
Adena ceramic wares and other Early Woodland diagnostics.
Radiocarbon assays from two features temporally assigned the
occupation to the fifth century B.C. The results of the excavation
are discussed below, and comparisons are drawn with other known
Early Woodland and Adena habitation sites in the Northeast,
including several from southwestern Pennsylvania |
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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(3-4):22-24 |
| Archaeometric analysis of selected artifacts from the Lancaster
County Park site (36LA96) shows that a metal cross recovered from
one of the Contact Period graves dating to the first quarter of the
18th century was manufactured from low grade pewter and may be of
local origin. A series of brass bracelets and preserved fabric are
typical of fur trader goods available during this time period. |
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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(3-4):25-34 |
| This paper presents information on salvage archaeology at a
small, Late Woodland habitation site containing one house pattern, a
burial, and a number of pit features. Charcoal found in association
with classic Overpeck Incised pottery has been dated to A.D. 1260.
There is also evidence of prior Middle Woodland activity;
specifically two early coil constructed pots and a cache of 246
bifaces. |
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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(3-4):35-38 |
| A complete Clemson's Island ceramic vessel found in an
unidentified Bedford County, Pennsylvania, rockshelter is described.
The find is compared with other isolated occurrences of single
vessels in rockshelters and other rocky hideaways in Pennsylvania
and New York. Brief typological com parisons are made with
Clemson's Island pottery from nearby sites. |
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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(3-4):39-47 |
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Two fluted projectile point fragments, one of which is the base of a
Clovis point, have been recovered from surface collections at
36LA336. The environmental setting of the site is a swampy
floodplain of a low order stream. One large early stage biface
fragment and a sample of unmodified flakes showed presence of blood
residue. The limited range of tool types suggests a
hunting/processing site, and the low incidence of highly retouched
tools with multiple working edges indicates that groups using the
site were not carefully husbanding lithic resources. |
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1986 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 56(3-4):48-49 |
| Since 1981 members of the Paul R. Stewart Chapter #19, Society
for Pennsylvania Archaeology, Inc. have been exca vating at the
Hartley site (36GR23). Located in eastern Greene County,
Pennsylvania, this multi-component Monongahela site covers
approximately 1.6 ha (4 acres) of an upland bench . Springs to the
east and west, water sources for the site occupants, drain into the
upper Muddy Run watershed. The tributary then issues into the
Monongahela River a short distance east. An unusual human burial,
herein referred to as Burial #6, was discovered in 1985. The
discovery and its contents are the topic of this brief report. |
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