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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(1-2): 3-11 A Mortuary Pattern for Monongahela Christine E. Davis |
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A study of 687 burials from 66 Late Woodland Monongahela village
sites was initiated to determine burial attributes. This paper is
the preliminary report of 48 variables defined for future study. A
burial pattern, suggesting ranking in Monongahela society, is
interpreted. Regional variations and morphological differences in
bone bead typology will be related to the mortuary pattern |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(1-2): 12-25 Spruce Run, a Spring-head Camp Site in. Somerset County, Pennsylvania Richard L. George |
| The Spruce Run Site (36S0153) was excavated in 1979 by the
Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Immediately beneath the leaf
mold were found undisturbed Late Woodland activity areas associated
with hearths. Plotting of a flake scatter produced evidence that a
seated individual facing northwest was engaged in chipped stone tool
production. The Late Woodland tool inventory consisting only of
hammerstones, triangular projectile points and utilized flakes,
reflecting the functional aspect of a temporary camp utilized by
male hunters. Occupation by Middle Woodland and Archaic people was
indicated by a single projectile point of each time period and a
C-14 date of 5300 B.C. for the latter. |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(1-2): 26-31 Archaeological Goals and Methods and Monongahela Systematics . . William P. McHugh |
| Research and writing on the Late Prehistoric archaeological
remains in the Upper Ohio Valley have resulted in a confusing
characterization and an incomplete classification of the cultural
complex called "Monongahela." This situation has inhibited the
formulation of straight-forward culture historical models as well
as dynamic explanations of cultural developments for the area and
time period. This paper re views the status of Monongahela
systematics and offers some methodological suggestions for improving
our understanding of this complex. |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(1-2): 32-39 Structural Features of the Donley Site Ronald W. Eisert |
| The Donley Site (36GR60), a large upland Monongahela village in
southwestern Pennsylvania, was almost completely destroyed by strip
mining in 1975. This paper par tially represents the results of
salvage recovery conducted by the P. R. Stewart Chapter SPA from 12
July through 2 August 1975. Although a large quantity of
cultural material was recovered, no report has yet been published
relating to the site. |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(1-2): 40-50 The Eastern Periphery of Fort Ancient Jeffrey R. Graybill |
| Fort Ancient is synonymous with late prehistoric
agriculturalists inhabiting the middle Ohio Valley. Fort Ancient is
not a cohesive cultural entity, but the sum of three, possibly four
local traditions-Feurt-Clover, Yates-Madisonville, Baum/Anderson,
and perhaps Fox Farm. The emphasis here is on the Feurt-Clover
tradition (A.D. 1050-1675), representing the eastern periphery of
Fort Ancient. More specific discussion includes ( 1 ) Feurt-Clover
origins; (2) Feurt-Clover settlement change; and (3) recent
excavations at two Feurt phase (A.D. 1 050-1450) sites. |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(1-2): 51-60 |
| In the western United States, perishable artifacts such as
basketry, textiles, cordage, and sandals have proven to be of
greater diagnostic value in determining prehistoric or ethnographic
cultural boundaries than have lithic artifacts. The significance of
cordage and a simplified method of de scribing cordage attributes
associated with pottery are dis cussed. Cordage studies for the
Woodland period in the mid-and upper Ohio Valley are summarized, and
a case for their usefulness in reconstructing cultural-historical
models and settlement systems for the Monongahela area and up per
Ohio Valley in general is presented. |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(1-2): 61-70 |
| Belldina's Bottom (46MG75) is located on the west bank of the
Monongahela River in Monongalia County, West Virginia, about 7.73 km
(4.8 miles) downstream from Morgan town (Fig. 1). The site occupies
a 29.5 ha (72. 9 acre) two terrace floodplain on the inside curve of
the river which forms its southern and eastern boundary. The north
and west boundaries of the site are formed by two small, unnamed
streams, both of which may have been modified by recent human
activity. Part of the investigations carried out by GAl Consultants,
Inc. (GAl), consisted of an archaeological survey and deep testing
program on the lower bottom. As a result of the investigations,
buried cultural deposits were located. This report contains the
results of the archaeological investigations on the lower bottom
which has been assigned site number 46MG75A by the West Virginia
Geological and Economic Survey (Archeology Section). The
investigations uncovered two Monongahela Components and at least one
earlier occupation. The site was determined eligible for the
National Register of Historic Places on 4 November, 1980, although
it has not been placed on the Register. |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(3-4):1-10 |
| In an article published in 1968, "Glory, Death, and
Transfiguration: The Susquehannock Indians in the Seventeenth
Century," Francis Jennings asserted that the Iroquois did not defeat
and disperse the Susquehannocks in the mid-1670s as Francis Parkman
and others have written. Rather,Jennings argued, this defeat of the
Susquehannocks by the Iroquois is a "myth" fabricated in 1683 by New
York's Governor Thomas Dongan in order to keep William Penn out of
the Susquehanna Valley (and hence out of the lucrative fur trade)
and that the real cause of the Susquehannock dispersal was the
complicated political machinations of Mary land's Lord Baltimore.
However, some review of Jenning's argument and the extant data,
meager as it is, suggest Jennings has not only ignored those data on
which Parkman and others based their conclusions, but also
misconstrued other relevant data. Therefore, there is little reason
to accept his interpretation in preference to older ones. |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(3-4):11-18 |
| Seventy-five Perkiomen Broadpoints from collections
at the Mercer Museum in Doylestown, Pennsylvania and Temple
University in Philadelphia, were examined microscopically in an
effort to determine whether "proximal surface wear" as a major
indicator of non-p rojectile point usage, more specifically, usage
as a heavy-duty cutting implement, a knife/cleaver. The Perkiomen
Broadpoints examined clearly demonstrated the complex of
inter-related features associated with a cutting-cleaving function.
This raises serious doubts about the validity of Witthoft's (1953)
functional characterization of the Transitional Broad-bladed knives
of Pennsylvania as "spearpoints." |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(3-4):19-31 |
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An isolated cache of 356 delicately fashioned Early Wood land
bifaces has been recovered from a postglacial bog in Portage County,
Ohio. The objects are associated with the Robbins complex of Late
Adena affiliation dating ca. 50 B.C. The discovery is the largest
cache of its kind that has remained intact for professional
description and analysis. None of the objects suggest utilization in
the conventional sense. Prior to deposition the bifaces appear to
have been treated with red ochre and nested in a wooden vessel.
While metric analysis indicates the presence of two discrete sub
series of bifaces based on length-width comparisons, they morpho
logically appear to be remarkably homogeneous. The choice of raw
material is restricted to a narrow range of Flint Ridge chalcedony
thus indicating a high degree of selectivity on the part of the
artisan. It is suggested that this and similar offerings represent
cu ltural practices which emphasized individual or private versus
public ceremonialism . |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(3-4):32-47 |
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Many distinctive features of "Transitional" or "Broadspear Tradition
of the Late Archaic" prehistoric cultures can be related to changing
adaptions to local environments. Changes in available surface water,
estuarine and riverine resource distributions, and terrestrial
faunal and floral re sources are apparent in numerous sources of
paleoenvironmental data from ca. 3000-1000 B.C. These environmental
changes are seen as stimulating important changes in cultural
adaptions including settlement pattern shifts, subsistence strategy
shifts, technological changes, and the development of exchange
networks. |
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1984 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 54(3-4):57-60 |
| A hoard of quarry workshop preforms of Onondaga flint unearthed
during grading of a trailer truck parking lot on the Gray site along
the Delaware River in Warren County, New Jersey is reported . |
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