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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(1-2):1-10 Redstone Old Fort (36F AS): A Hilltop Monongahela Site Ronald L. Michael |
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Limited excavations at the Redstone Old Fort site (36 FA8) near
Brownsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, are reported. During the
excavation a double wall as well as a single wall stockade, a
stockade trench, one burial, several storage pits, and about 200
post holes were documented. Additionally, one pit yielded several
hundred charred kernels of corn. |
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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(1-2):11-27 A Stratigraphic Analysis of Late Woodland Material Culture Change at Fisher Farm James W. Hatch & Katharine L. Koontz |
| This article discusses the archaeological implications of the
stratified midden deposits excavated in 1978 at the Fisher Farm site
(36CE35), a Late Woodland farming hamlet located in the Bald Eagle
Valley of Centre County, Pennsylvania. A stranded and partially
filled stream channel adjacent to the site had se rved as a catch
basin for village debris during the site 's Late Woodland
occupation. Radiocarbon samples as well as collections of ceramics
and projectile points from the deposit's seven cultural strata
indicate: I) continuous usage of the site throughout theLate
Woodland Period, 2) chronologic agreement with the traditional Late
Woodland phasing of the upper Susquehanna drainage (Clemson Island,
Shenks Ferry and "Susquehannock"), and 3) significant stratigraphic
overlap of material assemblages that are traditionally perceived as
culturally distinct. Given the chronologic validity of the stream
channel's stratigraphy and the fact that this constitutes the first
deeply stratified Late Woodland deposit to be excavated in the
region, these data are used to revaluate existing models of the
region's Late Woodland material culture change. |
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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(1-2):28-41 A Preliminary Replicative Analysis of Teshoa Flake Production Daniel G. Roberts and Mark B. Sant |
| A series of experiments replicating the manufacture of teshoa
flakes was undertaken. Variants of three modes of production were
replicated, including the anvil, the bipolar and the direct freehand
rest tech nique s. Evidence is presented which indicates that
certain variants of the bipolar and direct freehand rest techniques
are the most suitable for successful teshoa flake production.
Furthermore , it is suggested that certain diagnostic technological
attributes occurring on teshoa flakes can serve to distinguish
between the two modes of production, thus aiding the archaeologist
in the technological analysis of teshoas from known archaeological
contexts. |
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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(1-2):42-46 The Williams (33W07a) Red Ocher Cemetery: Preliminary Investigation of Stature Paul W. Sciulli, Leonard R. Piotrowski and Bruce W. Aument |
| The maximum length of 32 femora (minimum number of individuals =
18) is recorded for the Late Archaic Williams red ocher cemetery.
The Williams site is compared to three other Late Archaic samples
(n=69), four Early Woodland samples (n=69), and four Middle Woodland
samples (n = 150). The distribution of femur length for the combined
Late Archaic samples (n= 101) is heterogeneous with the Muzzey Lake
site included. The Early Woodland samples are homogeneous and are
pooled. Likewise the four Middle Woodland sam ples are pooled. The
Muzzey Lake sample does not significantly differ from either the
Early or Middle Woodland femur length distributions. |
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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(1-2):47-52 Glass Trade Beads from Waterford, New York Charles Fisher and Karen Hartgen |
| This paper describes the glass trade beads recovered from
excavations in Waterford, New York. The general absence of
references to glass beads in the archaeological literature of the
middle and upper Hudson Valley is discussed. The small number of
beads, their early age and the absence of other early historic
period trade items is interpreted as relating to a specific period
and type of Native American and European interaction. |
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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(3):1-12 |
| The Wells site (36BR59), excavated 20 years ago, is discussed
with the aid of fieldbooks and the artifacts recovered. This report
endeavors to show the co existence of a number of ceramic styles at
approximately A.D. 1000. |
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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(3): 13-16 |
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The Walters rockshelter is a small, occasionally visited station in the Upper Delaware Valley containing Middle Woodland period ceramics. |
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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(3): 17-18 |
| Official records of the last two decades of the seventeenth
century record the presence of "Susquehanna Indians" at a location
on the lower Schuylkill River. Their identity, and their reasons for
being there, are discussed. |
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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(3): 19-31 |
| The archaeology of roads and streets has been neglected in
American archaeological literature. Most papers and reports on urban
archaeology are concerned with wells and trash pits and their
contents or with dating and recovering the plan of buildings . While
these are laudable aims it should be pointed out that houses do not
exist in isolation and the roads and streets which link them are an
important and integral part of any urban environment. Likewise the
sewers and water lines located below the streets of a city are
manifestations of civic development which ultimately replace the
function of wells and trash pits. In the 19th century cities became
test beds for technological developments in the heating, lighting,
and communications industries and city streets were seen as the
logical repository for gas pipes and electrical and telephone
conduits. In this paper the history and archaeological potential of
Philadelphia roads and streets, which are artifacts of the
municipal, industrial, and residential development of the city, are
discussed in the hope that this will stimulate similar work in other
cities. |
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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(3): 32-45 |
| A collection of prehistoric and historic artifacts recovered in
1 965 from a mixed context at Barcelona Harbor (Westfield) , New
York is herein reported. The aboriginal items include a Flint Ridge
chalcedony point of Middle Woodland affinity and an ungrooved celt
of local raw material. After 1739 the site was a point of entry for
French explorers of the upper Allegheny River and played a role in
the French incursions of 1753 and the subsequent French and Indian
War. A British army camped in the area in 1764, and American
occupations date from 1798. Among the historic artifacts were 280
homogeneous kaolin pipe fragments, brass candlesticks, a lead "shot"
bar, and nautical equipment. This paper focuses on the description
of the pipes, whose numbers permitted the application and critique
of Harrington and Binford's analytical techniques for chronometric
determination ("Pipe Stem Dating"). |
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1983 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(4):1-97 |
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The Gnagey Site, excavated in 1973-74 by the Carnegie Museum of
Natural History, was a twice-occupied Mo nongahela village site
located on the Somerset Plateau of southwestern Pennsylvania.
Artifact and settlement pattern attributes related to the first
occupation, dated between A.D. 920 and 1030, indicate a cultural
continuum from Middle Woodland. The dates also confirm the
hypothesized beginnings of nucleated village life in the Upper Ohio
Valley by horticulturist hunter-gatherers. Between A.D. 1085 and
1190, the site was reoccupied, presumably by the same village group
that was being influenced both by Monongahela populations to the
west and by central Appalachian Late Woodland populations to the
east and south. The concept of catchment area resource utilization
is applicable to the Gnagey village since it was located within one
of three Late Woodland site clusters that exhibited spatially
contrived separation within a mountainous region believed to have
been environmentally restrictive. Data produced by Works Progress
Administration excavations in the 1930's were utilized to formulate
these models.The Montague-Quemahoning sites' artifact assemblages
are discussed as the product of a population alien to the Somerset
Plateau. Their relationship to other Drew Phase Monongahela
assemblages is noted as is the minor but significant recurrence of
Clemson's Island pottery on Somerset Plateau Monongahela village
sites. Two poorly represented later utilizations of the Gnagey site
are also briefly discussed. |
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