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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(1):1-13 The Indian God Rock Petroglyph Site 36VE36 James L. Swauger |
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The Indian God Rock Petroglyphs site, 36VE36, Venango County,
Pennsylvania, is described, its motifs detailed, and comparisons are
made between it and other petroglyph sites studied and published by
the author as a result of his continuing investigation of petroglyph
sites in the United States east of the Mississippi. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(1):14-18 Petroglyphs from the Upper Delaware Valley Edward J. Lenik |
| Three new petroglyph finds fr om the Upper Delaware Valley are
reported and described. The aboriginal Rosenkrans Petroglyph
contains many unusual symbols and was probably intended as a grave
offering. The Peach Petroglyph is a fragment of stone portraying the
probable design of a fish. An unusual elongated pebble tool was also
found which has several designs of Indian (Late Woodland period)
original and some "colonial" contact period lettering. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(1):19-34 Radiocarbon Date from the Globe Hill Shell Heap 46HK34-1, Hancock County, West Virginia James L. Murphy |
| A radiocarbon date of 2170 B.C. from deer bone refuse obtained
at the Globe Hill shell heap closely approximates the only
previously available "Panhandle Archaic" radiocarbon date. Although
the Globe Hill shell heap is a multi-component site ranging from
Plano to Late Prehistoric, this radiocarbon date tends to support
Dragoo's placement of the m ajor occupations at "Panhandle Archaic"
sites in the Late Archaic. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(1):25-28 The National Register of Historic Places and the Grants-in-Aid Program Mark R. Barnes |
| At the 1975 Annual Plains Archaeological Conference in Lincoln,
Nebraska, a slightly modified version of the paper presented below
was given at a symposium on Cultural Resources Management. The
present paper is offered as an aid to archeologists working with
federal agencies and pursuing research involving surveys and
excavations. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(1):29-34 Procedures of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Charles Spilker |
| The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation is mandated by
statute to review and comment on Federal Agency undertakings that
effect properties included in or eligible for inclusion in the
National Register of Historic Places. The objective is to assist the
Federal agencies in carrying out their responsibility of protecting
cultural properties. The Council's "Procedures for the Protection of
Historic and Cultural Properties (36 CFR Part 800)" is the process
through which Federal agencies determine how to take into account
the effects of their undertakings. The process is herein described
from the initial identification of cultural properties through
Council consideration at one of its regularly scheduled meetings. It
is emphasized that the Council's role should be one of positive
assistance to Federal agencies in their efforts to protect and
enhance our cultural environment. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(1):35-41 |
| This paper dissects the law and examines its components, sets
forth the current interpretation and philosophy of the Interagency
Archeological Services of the National Park Service, the principal
agency for the Secretary of the Interior responsible for
implementation of the act, and discusses as unforeseen implications
of the law the changes required in contracting procedures, the
introduction of competition into archeological contracting, the
integration with other cultural resource management laws, the
coordination of recovery activities, reporting responsibilities, and
funding limitations. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(1):42-44 |
| Traditional values held by archaeologists are threatened by
certain aspects of contract archaeology. A dilemma is created by
this situation. On the one hand archaeologists are expected to be
business entrepreneurs while at the same time they must maintain
their professional-intellectual integrity. No solutions are
proposed, but a regional archaeological council might be needed. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(1):45-54 |
| Historical research and archaeology were com bined during the
summer of 197 5 in an effort to end a lingering controversy
regarding the existence of a colonial fort in central Pennsylvania.
The following account discusses the reasons for the controversy,
results of the study, and reasons why the author is convinced that
the dispute is no longer valid. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(2-3):1-93 |
| Meadowcroft Rockshelter is a deeply stratified multicomponent
site in Washington County, southwestern Pennsylvania. The eleven
well defined stratigraphic units identified at the site span at
least 16,000, and perhaps 19,000 years of intermittent occupation by
groups representing all of the major cultural stages/periods now
recognized in north eastern North America. Throughout the extant
sequence, the site served as a locus for hunting, collecting and
food processing activities which involved the seasonal exploitation
of the immediately adjacent Cross Creek valley and contiguous
uplands. Presently, Meadowcroft Rockshelter represents one of the
earliest well dated evidences of man in the New World as well as the
longest occupational sequence in the Western Hemisphere. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(4):1-7 |
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Archaeological, ethnohistorical, and ethnographic indications reveal
the expansive role of native pipes and tobacco among some
late-period aboriginal societies of the Northeast, European contact
is interpreted as a catalyst acting upon a pre-existing set of
native values which contributed to the formalization of a tobacco
complex. Major features of the resultant cult are delineated. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(4):8-26 |
| This paper represents a body of data derived from an analysis of
the human skeletal material from the Ohioview Site (36BV9). A total
of 9 individuals from the site were examined; information on age,
sex, stature, and other aspects are presented in a series of
appendices following the descriptive data. Cultural associations
indicate a Monongahela component. A total of 7 burials are known to
be missing, probably in storage or in the possession of an amateur.
The various techniques incorporated in the preservation of the bone
material have proven to be detrimental, resulting in the cementing
of matrix to bone. Descriptions of the various materials recovered
from the site are presented in the body of the paper. A list of
materials recovered from each burial is located in Appendix I.
Various metric data and dental information appear in other
appendices. Calculation of stature is based on regression formulae
developed for Mongoloid populations. Where possible, appendices also
include data on sex and age . |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(4):27-29 |
| A survey of the archaeological resources of the Susquehanna
River Valley was conducted in 1972, 1973, 1975, and 1976 as a part
of a larger program designed to investigate Clemsons Island culture
in eastern Pennsylvania. Six sites were excavated and/or tested and
over 700 additional sites were recorded as a consequence of the
program. This paper is intended to be a progress report dealing with
this research. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(4):30-36 |
| The authors examined several Clovis flu ted p oints from sites
near Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania. The materials came from 2 separate
sites. The Kellogg Farm site (36BT7) appears to have been a fluted
point manufacturing station and most of the materi als analyzed came
from this site. The other site, 36ME44, produced only one Clovis
fluted point. All of the Clovis points were manufactured utilizing !
the Cattail Creek Fluting technique. The analysis of these materials
will be presented in this paper. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(4):37-47 |
| Excavations at the Milesburg site in Centre County,
Pennsylvania, have exposed cultural remains indicating a long series
of minor occupations extending from the Early Archaic to Late
Woodland times. Patterning of cultural remains suggests a series of
transitory hunting camps of a fe w individuals who habitually
exploited the Milesburg locale while utilizing the adjacent streams
as routes of transportation. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(4):48-52 |
| A 1975 excavation of a small well protected rockshelter in
Southwestern Elk County, Pennsylvania, revealed an intrusive adult
burial with associated artifacts dating from the Late Woodland
period. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(4):53-59 |
| A total of 525 teeth from 27 individuals of the Late Woodland
Monongahela culture have been analyzed with reference to wear and
pathology. The sample consists of 9 individuals (189 teeth) from the
Bunola site (36AL4), 9 individuals (189 teeth) from the Varner site
(36GR1), and 9 individuals (1 47 teeth) from the Campbell site
(36FA26). Intersite comparisons show that the type and amount of
wear is similar for the populations. All 3 show a moderate degree of
attrition or wear, and the type of wear was consistent in producing
flat occlusal surfaces. This dental wear pattern is indicative of
agricultural populations (Addington 1973, 1975; Anderson 1965). The
incidence of dental caries among the 3 populations, however, is not
as homogeneous. The population from the Campbell site shows a
generally lower frequency of non-occlusal caries than the
populations from Bunola or Varner, suggesting that the Campbell folk
depended to a lesser degree on cultigens than the other groups. In
this respect the Varner population is intermediate between Bunola
and Campbell indicating a continuum of intensity of use of cultigens
among these Monongahela groups. Nevertheless, when the 3 Monongahela
populations are considered as a unit, they can be seen to be broadly
similar, considering the characteristics above, to agricultural Fort
Ancient populations from southern Ohio. |
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1977 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47(5):1-58 |
| Sparks Rockshelter (15J019) is a shallow stratified,
multicomponent site in Johnson County, eastern Kentucky. The 4 well
defined stratigraphic units identified at the rockshelter span at
least 4000 years of intermittent occupation by aboriginal groups
representing the Late Archaic, Woodland, and Fort Ancient cultural
stages/periods. During these times, the rockshelter served as a
locus for hunting, gathering, and food processing activities
involving the seasonal exploitation of the immediately adjacent
Paint Creek valley and the contiguous uplands. |
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