Responsible Stewardship

Responsible stewardship is central to the mission of the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology. Stewardship recognizes that archaeological sites are non-renewable resources and that the information they contain is often more important than the artifacts themselves.

SPA supports ethical, legal, and respectful engagement with archaeology in Pennsylvania by professionals, avocational archaeologists, landowners, and interested members of the public.

Stewardship and Archaeological Sites

Archaeological sites are often discovered by landowners, farmers, hikers, and avocational archaeologists. In Pennsylvania, many known sites have been identified through surface observation, particularly in plowed fields or areas where soils are already disturbed.

SPA recognizes that people may encounter artifacts in a variety of settings. Responsible stewardship emphasizes avoiding further disturbance, protecting site context, and sharing information so that sites can be documented and preserved for the future.

Removing artifacts through digging, collecting for sale, or disturbing intact sites can permanently damage archaeological information and is discouraged.

Hands-On Opportunities in Pennsylvania Archaeology

Interest in artifacts and archaeological sites is often what draws people to archaeology in the first place. SPA recognizes that many people want opportunities to see, handle, and learn from real archaeological materials.

There are many ways to engage directly with Pennsylvania archaeology without searching for artifacts on your own. Through SPA chapters, partner institutions, and supervised projects, people may have opportunities to:

  • Participate in organized archaeological excavations

  • Assist with site documentation and recording

  • Work with artifact collections under appropriate guidance

  • Learn proper field, laboratory, and documentation methods

These experiences allow meaningful, hands-on involvement while ensuring that archaeological information is preserved responsibly.

Recording and Reporting Sites (PASS)

One of the most important stewardship actions anyone can take is recording archaeological sites.

The Pennsylvania Archaeological Site Survey (PASS), administered by the State Historic Preservation Office, provides a way to document archaeological sites so they can be protected and considered in planning and research.

If you encounter an archaeological site or artifact scatter, SPA encourages you to:

  • Avoid disturbing the site

  • Document the location and visible characteristics

  • Submit a PASS site discovery or update form

Many SPA chapters actively contribute to site recording, and the Society recognizes this work through awards and ongoing stewardship initiatives.

Making Your Mark Through Stewardship

Documenting archaeological sites and finds is one of the most lasting contributions an individual can make to Pennsylvania archaeology.

By recording sites through the The Pennsylvania Archaeological Site Survey (PASS) and sharing information with SPA chapters and the State Historic Preservation Office, individuals help ensure that sites are recognized, protected, and considered in future research and planning.

The SPA is here to help support and guide this process. Members are encouraged to reach out to their local chapter or the Society for assistance with:

Many of the sites known in Pennsylvania today were recorded by engaged citizens and avocational archaeologists. Contributing accurate site information is one of the most meaningful ways to help preserve Pennsylvania’s archaeological heritage.

Responsible Collecting and Ethical Considerations

Practices and attitudes toward collecting have evolved over time. Today, SPA encourages approaches that emphasize preservation of archaeological context, respect for landowner permissions, and the long-term protection of cultural resources. Many people encounter artifacts through family collections, surface finds, or inherited items, and stewardship begins with understanding how best to care for and learn from those materials responsibly.

Responsible stewardship does not include:

  • Digging into or intentionally disturbing archaeological sites

  • Removing artifacts from intact or undisturbed deposits

  • Buying or selling ancient Native American cultural objects, particularly those removed from archaeological contexts

  • Disturbing sites on public or protected lands

This guidance refers to archaeological and ancestral cultural materials, not modern Native American artwork, contemporary crafts, or tourist items made for sale by Native artists.

When questions arise, SPA encourages open conversation. Reaching out to local chapters, professionals, or knowledgeable community members can help clarify next steps. Archaeology is a shared learning process, and curiosity, transparency, and care are always welcome.

Public Archaeology and Community Responsibility

Responsible stewardship is shared work. SPA supports:

  • Collaboration with landowners and communities

  • Education and public outreach

  • Monitoring and reporting site damage or looting

  • Encouraging ethical involvement in archaeology at all levels

Archaeology in Pennsylvania has long benefited from the contributions of avocational archaeologists and engaged community members. SPA remains committed to fostering an inclusive community grounded in responsibility, respect, and preservation.

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