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2001 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 71(1):1-10 Vanport Siliceous Shale Kenneth Burkett |
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Vanport Siliceous Shale, also and more commonly known as Jefferson
County Chert, is a poorly recog nized lithic material that is found
within the geologic context of northwestern Pennsylvania. This paper
identifies the source area of this chert and defines its known
utilization by prehistoric Native American populations. |
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2001 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 71(1):11-28 Analysis of Artifacts from the Joanna Furnace Blacksmith Shop Keith R.Doms |
| The Joanna Furnace Blacksmith Shop was in operation during the
second half of nineteenth century after the furnace shifted from the
production of cast iron stoves and hollow wares to pig iron
production. The analysis of metal artifacts, usually identified
simply as scrap in other studies, reveals that the smith 's
activities differed little from blacksmith shops in other rural
settings not directly associated with a furnace. Activities directly
associated with the furnace included shoeing, tool repair, and wagon
repair for colliers and teamsters, and pipe-fitting associated with
a steam powered blower in the hot blast furnace. Repair of
agricultural implements not associated with furnace operations also
occurred. |
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2001 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 71(1):29-42 Terminal Late Archaic Mortuary Practices II: The Boose Cemetery Paul W. Sciulli and Ray Schuck |
| This report presents an analysis of the biocultural nature of
the mortuary practices at the terminal Late Archaic Boose cemetery.
Previous studies of the Boose cemetery skeletal material have shown
that it represents a group of individuals which was phenotypically
(genetically) similar to other nearby local subpopulations, together
forming a regional terminal Late Archaic population. The analysis of
biological attributes of the Boose individuals in relation to
associated cultural remains and features at the cemetery, as well as
an analysis of the cultural remains themselves, revealed no
convincing pattern of associations within the Boose cemetery nor a
consistent pattern of associations among comparative terminal Late
Archaic cemeteries. These analyses suggest that the regional
terminal Late Archaic population was comprised of local
subpopulations which were generally egalitarian in social structure.
The cohesion of the population appears to have been maintained
through mate exchange and other regional exchange networks among the
subpopulations. This consistent contact most likely explains the
general biocultural similarities among the subpopulations. |
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2001 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 71(1):43-68 An Examination of Ceramics from the Dutch Hill Rock Shelter Andrew J.Myers |
| Dutch Hill rock shelter is located on a hillside bench
overlooking the Clarion River Valley in the northern portion of
Jefferson County, Pennsylvania. During the latter portion of the
Late Woodland/Late Prehistoric period (ca 1 480 - 1 5 80) the site
was occupied by groups producing ceramics similar to McFate Incised
and Chautauqua Cordmarked. While nothing unusual was noticed in the
Chautauqua Cordmarked sample, variants of McFate Incised were
observed. Whereas typical McFate Incised ceramics are shell
tempered, a number of ceramics recovered from the Dutch Hill site
were tempered with crushed limestone, mixtures of limestone and
shell, and crushed quartz. The atypical specimens recovered at Dutch
Hill are simply viewed as un-typed varieties of McFate Incised. The
majority of ceramic traits found in the assemblage (i.e., cordage
twist, method of manufacture, decoration and vessel form such as
collared vessels) are diagnostic of the ceramics produced by members
of Johnson ' s ( 1 994) Glaciated Allegheny Plateau (GAP) Tradition.
This paper presents detailed type descriptions of the various wares
identified in the Dutch Hill ceramic sample. Data regarding the
method of manufacture, design and decoration, ceramic paste, rim and
lip fonns, vessel shapes and sizes and cordage twist analysis are
presented. Possible relationships are made between particular sites
and background information is provided to temporally place the Dutch
Hill ceramic assemblage within the context of McFate Chautauqua
phase studies. |
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2001 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 71(2):1-15 The Wasciski Cache Kenneth Burkett & Edward Kaufman |
| An unusual cluster of quarry preforms discovered within the
Upper Ohio drainage provides insight into the wide-ranging dispersal
of metarhyolite and helps to identify a probable prehistoric
transportation route between the Allegheny and Susquehanna River
basins during the Terminal Archaic period. |
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2001 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 71(2):16-59 |
| A Phase III archeological data recovery was conducted by John
Milner Associates, Inc. (JMA) at the Oberly Island (36NM140) site,
located in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Occupations at the site
include Early/Middle Archaic, Late and Terminal Archaic, and early
Late Woodland, with the Late Archaic and late Woodland being the
most substantial. The Late Archaic Lackawaxen Phase occupation
involved the use of large platform-type hearths similar to those
found in the adjacent Delaware valley. The Late Woodland presence is
marked by over 1,000 sherds of Overpeck Incised, indicating cultural
affiliation with the Overpeck Complex in the middle Delaware.
Chipped stone debitage revealed a consistent bifacial industry
throughout the occupations of the site, despite shifts in raw
material use. The relative percentages of raw materials represented
in the projectile point assemblage are approximately reverse of the
debitage, by soil horizon. These discrepancies are interpreted to
reflect tool production strategies in conjunction with
hunter-gatherer mobility patterns. Overall shifts in raw material
selection through time may relate to emergent exchange networks by
the Late Archaic period. |
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2001 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 71(2):60-71 |
| The Wylie #3 site, 36WH283, was partially excavated by Carnegie
Museum of Natural History in 1 9 89- 1 99 1 , and the Allegheny
Chapter, Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology in 1989- 1999. The
site was occupied at least four times by late
prehistoric-Monongahela populations. The two most prominent of these
occupations, dating around A.D. 1265 and A.D. 1370 respectively, are
represented by partial patterns of stockades, circular houses and
features, many of which can be assigned to a specific population.
The presence of unaltered Shawnee rocksnail shells in the later
village's features suggests that these freshwater gastropods were a food source for a desperate village population. The snail shells have also been noted in samples from other Chartiers Valley Monongahela sites that post-date A.D. 1330, and the significance of these occurrences are discussed. |
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