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2010 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80(1):1-16 |
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In the late summer and early fall of 1941, salvage excavations
were conducted at two Monongahela tradition sites in Fayette
County, Pennsylvania: Martin (36FA87) and Phillips (36FA22).
One site is now under the waters of the Youghiogheny Reservoir
and strip mining has removed the other from the landscape.
Although the sites are no longer accessible, archaeologists can
continue to study the Martin and Phillips sites through curated
collections that encompass artifacts and associated
documentation-an archaeology of the archives. The primary
goal of this paper is to reintroduce the Martin and Phillips sites to
the scholarly community as part of my continuing efforts in
"archival archaeology." Additionally, I report on two accelerator
mass spectrometry (AMS) dates that were recently obtained from
the previously undated Phillips site. |
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2010 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80(1):17-31 |
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For over a century, archaeologists and historians have miscategorized
the lifestyles of the Lenape and their neighbors in the
Delaware Valley and have misidentified these distinct tribes as
"Delaware Indians." For the Lenape, subsistence was based on
the collection of anadromous fish, not maize horticulture in a
village setting. The origin, duration, and demise of traditional
Lenape foraging strategies are discussed in this paper. In
addition, the term "Late Woodland" as it applies to the Lenape,
as well as other cultures in the Northeast, is discussed in an effort
to clarify confusion in terminology. |
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2010 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80(1):32-59 |
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The ceramic pottery assemblage from the Ebbert Spring site
(36FR367), Franklin County, Pennsylvania, is summarized and
discussed. Nearly two dozen different pottery types have been
recovered from the site. The assemblage spans the entire
ceramic era, from the earliest usage of pottery through
Protohistoric times. In addition to presenting these findings, the
author describes a sorting method which he developed to aid in
the classification of ceramic sherds. |
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2010 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80(1):60-62 |
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In 2008, Richard L. George began a project to radiocarbon date
samples from four Monongahela village sites in southwestern
Pennsylvania. This resulted in eight new assays, some of which
are presented in this paper. |
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2010 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80(1):63-72 |
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New radiocarbon dates presented by Tippins and George (2010)
on three Monongahela village sites (Gnagey 3, McJunkin, and
Household) are recalibrated and discussed in conjunction with
previous C14 assays from these sites. |
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2010 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80(2):1-29 |
| Over the years multiple locations in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania
have been identified by local and state authorities as the site of
Fort Morris, a French and Indian War period fortification.
Recent analyses of geographic and primary historical data
suggested that one location was more likely than the others.
Archaeological investigations, sponsored by the Shippensburg
Historical Society in 2008 and 2009, were conducted to test the
hypothesis. Discovered artifacts and features are comparable to
ones found at contemporary British fort sites and clearly
demonstrate that Fort Morris once stood in Shippensburg's East
Burd Street neighborhood. |
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2010 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80(2):30-49 |
| The Vestal phase of the Late Archaic has confounded
archaeologists working in the Allegheny Plateau region due to
confusion over its definition and chronological position. The
presence of contemporaneous Vestal and Lamoka points suggests the
possibility of stylistic differences related to function, intra- and
inter-group identity formation, interaction, representation, and
reproduction. Recent investigations at several Vestal phase sites
have added data to our understanding of this phase and its regional
distribution. This paper highlights one case of regional diversity
during the Late Archaic by exploring the Vestal phase Chilson site
located in New York's Tioga Valley near the Pennsylvania border.
Similar sites of Lamoka and Vestal affiliation will be compared to
illuminate cultural complexity and diversity in settlement patterns,
tool production and use, and raw material management strategies
during the Late Archaic. |
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2010 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80(2):50-60 |
| A recent article by Marshall Becker stated that "no examples of
birdstones are known from Maryland" (Becker 2009:49). In
fact, some 20 specimens are currently known for Maryland, and
data are presented for each of these. |
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2010 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80(2):61-72 |
| During the Contact era, the Lenape and Lenopi occupied
southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey respectively. The
dozen or more bands of Lenape, all living west of the Delaware
River in southeastern Pennsylvania, are rarely identified by band
name in the colonial records. However, colonial documents often
identify band names of the Lenopi, who lived just across the
Delaware River from the· Lenape in southern New Jersey. Lenopi
band names derive from specific locations; for example, the
people called Armewamus who lived at Armewomink, an area
north of Big Timber Creek. Collating the evidence relating to this
single band of Lenopi provides a basis for understanding their
identity and for interpreting native sites in that area dating from
the 17th century. |
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2010 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 80(2):73-77 |
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A small clay human head effigy was recently excavated at the
Ebbert Spring site in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The
artifact is described and compared to similar effigy heads noted
in the literature. |
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