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2008 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 78(1):2-15 |
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Four Pennsylvania pre-contact copper artifacts were subjected to
laser ablation testing to determine their probable geologic source.
In "fingerprinting" copper artifacts, trace elements are measured
and compared to known geologic sources of copper in an effort to
determine origin. This paper provides quantitative data on possible
geologic sources of four copper artifacts and attempts to evaluate
and explain previous exchange models about Middle Atlantic
copper origins. |
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2008 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 78(1):16-40 The Early and Middle Woodland in the Upper Juniata River Drainage: Archaeological Visibility and Regional Population Paul A. Raber |
| Current regional prehistoric models suggest a substantial decline
in site numbers and regional populations during the Early and
Middle Woodland periods. Recent studies of several sites in the
Upper Juniata drainage in Blair and Bedford counties, however,
have revealed unexpected evidence for the settlement of the region
at this time. At all of these sites radiocarbon dates provided the
primary or only evidence for Early/Middle Woodland period
components. The results emphasize the importance of radiocarbon
dating in accurately evaluating the size of regional Early/Middle
Woodland populations and the scale and nature of settlement.
Intensive excavation at 3 6BL60 and 36BL62, overlooking the
Franks town Branch of the Juniata River, provided an opportunity
to examine Early and Middle Woodland period camps in some
detail and examine patterns of tool stone procurement, site
organization, and band territories. |
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2008 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 78(1):41-60 Brown 's Bottom #1 (33R011 04) Bladelet Assemblage: An Experiment in Use-Wear Analysis Daniel Snyder, Michael Powers, Paul J. Pacheco, and Jarrod Burks |
| Recent excavations at Brown's Bottom #1 (33R01104), a
probable Ohio Hopewell domestic settlement in Ross County,
Ohio, produced an assemblage of 1 85 whole and fragmentary
bladelets. In this paper, we first contextualize and describe the
Brown's Bottom # 1 bladelet assemblage. Then we report the
results of a double-blind use-wear experiment using low-power
microscopy with replicated bladelets. During the experiment, it
became apparent that bladelets worked well at cutting, sawing,
scraping, and graving a variety of materials, although results
varied by method and material. The experiment also illustrated
that the bladelets are effective at cleanly cutting/graving mica, a
commonly occurring exotic material found within both Ohio
Hopewell domestic and ceremonial contexts. |
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2008 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 78(1):61-70 Artifacts |
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2008 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 78(2):1-10 W. J. Holland's l 902 Lecture About the Smith's Ferry Petroglyphs (36BV7) and Western Pennsylvania Archaeology David R. Watters |
| W. J. Holland's lecture at the 13th Session of the International
Congress of Americanists, published in 1 905, provides an early
account of Carnegie Museum's efforts to document petroglyph
sites in western Pennsylvania. By the start of the 20th century,
natural and cultural processes were adversely affecting rock
carvings. In Holland's view, the primary culprit in destroying and
damaging these sites was railroad construction. The site best
documented by Carnegie Museum was the Smith's Ferry
Petroglyphs site (36BV7). The text of Holland's lecture and his
unpublished records at Carnegie Museum provide a poignant
historical perspective on the broader issue of heritage preservation
during this period. |
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2008 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 78(2):11-38 |
| The 1986 planned construction of a house on a Washington
County, Pennsyl ania hilltop provided the impetus for the
salvage excavation of a Monongahela village (36WH48) by
volunteers of the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology under
direction of the author. Limited excavations in 1 986-87 resulted
in the exposure of two Late Prehistoric occupations. The earlier
of the two was by Drew-Two phase people, who likely utilized
the defensible hilltop during the 1 4th century A.D. A century or
two later, a second occupation occurred as represented by one
complete and two partial postmold patterns of circular, wigwamlike
structures. The latter inhabitants also utilized a distinct
pottery type associated with the Scarem phase of Monongahela. |
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2008 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 78(2):39-43 |
| The results of the analysis of flotation and cultigen samples from
the Lang site (36WH48), a Monongahela village site in western
Pennsylvania, are presented and discussed. Results indicate a
continuity of subsistence related practices during Late Prehistoric
period occupations at the site with little or no apparent change in
environmental conditions. |
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2008 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 78(2):44-63 |
| Archaeological settlement data are analyzed within a
geographical information systems (GIS) oriented analytical
framework to discern the formation of sedentary communities in
Monday Creek, a tributary of the Hocking River in southeastern
Ohio. Through the application of GIS involving clustering,
suitability, and catchment analyses, it is concluded that (1) all
types of sites were non-randomly distributed in this creek
system, (2) habitation site selection was associated with areas of
highest landscape resource potential influenced most by distance
to water, slope, ele ation, and soil productivity, (3) clustering of
all site types was evident by the Late Archaic, increasing in
density and number through the Woodland period, (4) clusters
included multiple habitation sites, indicating continued use of
particular prime areas through time, and (5) ridge top mounds,
beginning in the Early Woodland period, were clustered with
habitation sites, and other satellite sites signifying the
development of "homestead" areas. |
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2008 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 78(2):64-70 |
| The Bonnell triangle point is proposed as a unique triangular projectile point type, based upon the attributes present on over 100 examples excavated at the Ebbert Spring site (36FR367). The primary attribute of the type is its scalene triangle form with one extended comer barb. The prominence of the type at the Ebbert Spring site implies that the design was not a random variation in triangle form. Metrics for 40 specimens are summarized and possible reasons for the non-symmetrical design are discussed. Bonnell triangles are believed to be a variant of the Levanna type and likely date to the early Late Woodland Period. The Bonnell triangle point was named after Alfred Bonnell, owner of the Ebbert Spring site. |
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