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2003 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 73(1):1-7
Linguistic Affiliations of the Massawomeck Confederacy
David J. Sorg

An examination of the four town names of the Massawomeck Confederacy recorded by Henry F1eet in 1632 lends support to the theory that the Confederacy was multi-lingual, with Algonquian and Iroquoian components. The presence of Petroglyphs adds further support to this thesis. In addition, a case is made that the Hereckeenes, a non-Massawomeck tribe mentioned by F1eet, were Algonquian speakers, linked with various toponyms including Allegheny.
 

2003 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 73(1):8-54+errata
Foley Farm: The Importance of Architecture and the Demise of the Monongahelans
James T. Herbstritt

The Foley Farm site (36GR 52) is a multi-component sitelocated on the headwaters of the W heeling Creek drainage in western Greene County, Pennsylvania. It is the type site that defines the Foley Farm phase of Monongahela culture. Traits that characterize this protohistoric phase include an artifact assemblage of native and European manufacture: ceramics with pronounced punctated collars and corded-dowel decorated interior lips of collarless vessels; "foreign" style ceramics from eastern Ohio; ceramic beads; and seventeenth century trade items of iron, copper, brass and glass. A distinctive burial program and a nonfortified community pattern are also indicative traits of the phase. In 1983 and 1984 the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) conducted archaeological investigations at the site, where an internal community pattern of planned house rings and a petal structure ascribed to a terminal Monongahela culture occupation dated to the ca. 1570/80-1615/120-35 A.D., period was revealed. Sub-plowzone features of Monongahela ascription including postmolds, semi-subterranean post-lined storage pits, hearths, burial pits containing the remains of sub-adults and, a small bank slope sheet midden were identified at the southeast edge of the site. Meager evidence of earlier campsite utilization by Late Archaic through Middle Woodland groups was present on the site proper and is indicated by an assemblage of diagnostic bifaces and other lithic artifacts from the plowzone stratum. Issues currently under debate regarding Monongahela house architecture, petal structure function and the displacement/demise of the Monongahela culture are also addressed.
 

2003 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 73(1):55-74
Geoarchaeological Investigation at the Rivercrest Site (36MG112): Sand Grain Granulometric Analysis as an Interpretive Tool in Upland Setting Site Formation
Gary E. Stinchcomb

Within the Schuylkill River drainage of southeastern Pennsylvania archaeological investigations at the Rivercrest Site (36MG 112 ) uncovered stratified colluvial deposits at the foot of a hillslope. Previous investigations interpreted the footslope to contain bioturbated sediments with little archaeological significance. Contrary to this interpretation, recent excavations exposed a complex soil profile with colluvially transported parent material and a distinct artifact horizon. In order to understand the nature of these deposits sand grain granulometric analysis was employed . This paper evaluates the effectiveness of particle size analysis in establishing a relationship between colluvial deposition and human occupation. The outcome of this investigation indicates that these techniques can provide a useful means to understanding sedimentation and human habitation patterns at archaeological sites in upland settings.
 

2003 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 73(2):2-15
The Hershey Site: An Update
Janet Schulenberg, Jaimin Weets, Peter van Rossum

The Hershey site (36La l162) , a small, unpalisaded Susquehannock village, was excavated by Penn State field schools under the direction of the late James Hatch during 1998 and 1999. This site has significant implications for interpretations of Susquehannock settlement patterns and demography.
 

2003 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 73(2):16-30
The Chronological Placement of the Hershey Site on a Dynamic Socio-Cultural Landscape
]. Smoker Howard

The Hershey Site (36La1162) is a contact period Susquehannock village site located in western Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Excavations during the 1998 and 1999 field seasons indicate the site was occupied for only a short time during the mid-17th century. The analysis of trade artifacts from the Hershey Site and comparison to other nearby Susquehannock villages is yielding new insights into the chronology and settlement pattern of the region. These data provide a more detailed understanding of Susquehannock adaptations to a rapidly changing socio-cultural landscape.
 

2003 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 73(2):31-48
Mount Davis Tar Kiln (36S0287) A rchaeological Surface Survey and Historical Study
Brian L. Fritz

The Mount Davis Tar Kiln site 36So287 is located atop a high mountain summit in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Local oral tradition holds that the remains of a trench system and earthen mounds represent t he ruins of a 19th century pitch pine tar rendering operation. An archaeological surface survey of the kiln site was conducted for the generation of a plan view map and surface elevation profiles. A general history of the American tar making industry and tar kiln design is reviewed. This general history provides a context from which the local oral history of the kiln site is evaluated against the physical evidence collected by the surface survey. From the evidence presented a history of pitch pine tar making in the Mount Davis area is proposed
 

2003 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 73(2):49-58
Redware Analysis of the Early Nineteenth Century Vickers Pottery
Douglas Reeser

The Vickers Pottery (36Ch l l8) operated from 1823 to 1882 in central Chester County, Pennsylvania, about 40 miles northwest of Philadelphia. A collection of redware vessel sherds recovered from the original site of the pottery is housed  by the West Chester University Department of Anthropology and Sociology. The analysis of this collection seeks to standardize and de scribe the range of vessels produced at  and re covered from the site of the Vickers Pottery. Results offer a window through which  to  view the work of a family of known potters during a specific and especially long  time-period. It assists in painting the picture of life in the country on the outskirts of  Philadelphia in a nation that was still struggling through change. The outcome will contribute to  the understanding of the local potting tradition of Chester County. Because there is  a definitive link between this pottery assemblage and the Vickers family, the  collection can be considered something of a type collection, offering a point of  comparison for understanding links between local potteries and the regional range of  distinctive styles and traditions.
 
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