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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(1-2):1-12 A Functional Interpretation of "Keyhole" Structures In the Northeast By Ira F. Smith, III |
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The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, the state agency
charged with responsibility for state-wide archaeology, has focused
its attention since 1968 on Late Woodland sites in eastern
Pennsylvania. Most of these sites have been extensively excavated
with particular emphasis placed upon community and settlement
pattern analysis. An unusual semisubterranean feature type was
repeatedly found on a number of the sites. This paper examines these
features and attempts to interpret their function. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(1-2):13-16 Social Interaction and Point Types in the Eastern U.S . Michael G. Michlovic |
| Projectile point types do not necessarily reflect the boundaries
of discrete social groups, such as bands or tribes. They may be of
value, nonetheless, in broadening our understanding of social
interaction and diffusion if certain aspects of artifact patterning
are observed in ethnographic situations. This patterning, I argue,
is dependent upon 2 processes of human behavior: reciprocity and the
maintenance of prestige. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(1-2):17-19 Some Comments on " Pumpkin Seed" Fluted Points from the Plenge Site Mark A. McConaughy |
| Re-examination of the so-called "pumpkin seed" fluted points
from the Plenge site in New Jersey suggests that these items are not
ftnished points but rather represent intermediate steps in the
manufacturing process. It is thus warranted that these points be
recognized as preforms and that the type name "pumpkin seed" fluted
point be deleted from the literature. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(1-2):21-34 Peter Colley Tavern: 19t h Century Wagon Tavern Ronald L. Michael and Ronald C. Carlisle |
| The purposes of the excavation of the Peter Colley Wagon tavern
(36FA92 ) were to attempt to archaeologically determine if a wagon
tavern activity set could be established at the site and to try to
archaeologically find, in the way of luxury items and artifacts of
greater initial cost than those generally possessed by 19th century
Americans, support for the relatively high socioeconimic position of
the Colleys as suggested from the study of tax records.The results
of the study indicated that, at least in this instance, neither a
wagon tavern activity set nor proof of a high socioeconomic position
for the Colleys could be identified archaeologically. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(1-2):39-54 A Preliminary Survey of Middle Woodland Prehistory in Licking County , O h i o Jack E. Bernhard |
| The largest Hopewellian earthwork complex was constructed in the
Licking Valley at Newark, Ohio. The Middle Woodland communities in
the valley occupied a crucial role in the Hopewell Interaction
Sphere through the exchange of multicolored flints from nearby Flint
Ridge. Review of the extant literature and the results of a recent
site survey in the valley point toward craft specialization and
inter-site stratification within the Middle Woodland period in Ohio. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(1-2):55-76 |
| Continuing exCavations at the Philo II site have revealed
evidence of a distinct early-middle Fort Ancient ceramic assemblage
in the central Muskingum valley of southeastern Ohio, closely
related to the Feurt Phase. Radio carbon dates indicate that the
site was occupied around A.D. 1230-A.D. 1260. Ceramic traits,
including painting and the almost exclusive use of shell tempering,
coupled with these early date s at Philo II indicate a very early
and rapid adoption of Mississippian traits in south eastern Ohio.
The primary pottery type at the site is Philo Punctate, a plain,
shell tempered ware characterized by a row of punctates around the
lower rim or neck of each vessel. The presence of lug handles rather
than straps and the paucity of decorative motifs other than
punctates distinguish Philo Punctate from later Feurt ceramics in
the Muskingum valley. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(1-2):77-84 |
| A surface collection from Russo Farm, a Paleo-Indian site,
36AL89, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, is described; the collection
includes fluted points, gravers, beaks, and a triangular knife. A
study of the lithic materials in the collection indicates that the
Paleo-Indian occupants of the site were utilizing local flints for
their cutting tools and nonlocal material for fluted points. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(3):1-6 |
| Excavations at the 13th century Fort Ancient Philo II village
site yielded approximately 10,000 pieces of bone, of which 34
percent were identifiable. Deer, elk, bear, raccoon, and turkey
provided 96 percent of usable meat, supplementing cultivated
vegetable foods in the diet, The remains of deer killed during all
seasons indicate that the Philo II village was occupied throughout
the year, a pattern observed at other Fort Ancient village sites, |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(3):7-13 |
| Examination of the molluscan fauna retrieved from the first 41
features at the Philo Site, Muskingum County, Ohio (Gartley, Carskadden, and Morton 1976) reveals a bivalve fauna consisting of 20 taxa and 4 terrestrial gastropod species. Obovaria olivaria Rafinesque has not previously been recorded from the Muskingum River. Overall composition of the naiad fauna indicates that the bulk of shellfish harvesting occurred in comparatively shallow water, probably on sand or fine gravel bars. Subsequent analysis of molluscs from 8 additional features confirms the overall species composition of the sample, adding 5 more naiad species and 2 aquatic gastropod species to the faunal list. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(3):15-19 |
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Three new petroglyph finds in New Jersey are reported and described.
The Booth Petroglyph is of aboriginal origin with a typical sun
symbol design. The Ells and Rock House Petroglyph No. 2 are
creations of modern day carvers. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(3):20-23 |
| A lower right leg amputation stump recovered from a
proto-historic Southern Division Huron ossuary is described. Extreme
atrophy and subsequent fusion of the tibia and fibula indicate that
the amputation occurred well before the eventual death of the
individual. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(3):24-61 |
| Ethnographic accounts and other documents relating to the
contact period Indians of Pennsylvania are scarce. The lack of
direct evidence regarding these populations leaves scholars little
with which to reconstruct their cultures. A small band of Delaware,
which occupied the area between Crum and Ridley creeks in modern
Chester and Delaware counties in southeastern Pennsylvania, is known
directly only through a series of documents concerning a land grant
made to them at the be ginning of the 18th century. In addition only
a few indirect references to this group have been located in the
literature. A complete description of this evidence provides the
data base from which inferences have been drawn regarding the life
style of these people and the effect of their land sales to
Europeans. Their relationships with the Europeans and the subsequent
departure of this band and other groups of Indians is put into the
context of an expanding agricultural colony which disrupted the
traditional living patterns of the indigenous people. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(4):1-10 |
| The understanding of an archeological site requires a
familiarity with the terrain of that site and its environs for the
benefit of both the archeologist and his audience. This familiarity
can be accurately gained only through surveying the site in
connection with excavation. This paper attempts to explain
systematically the concepts, instruments, and procedures involved in
such surveying. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(4):11-27 |
| This paper represents a body of data derived from the critical
analysis of human sketetal material from the McKees Rocks Village
site (36AL16). Eight individuals are described, 2 adults, 1
adolescent, 1 child and 4 infants. Descriptive and metric data as
well as estimations concerning the age, sex, and probable stature of
the individuals are presented. An interesting case of pathology is
described and photographically presented. |
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1976 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(4):29-77 |
| Recent excavations at Conneaut Fort have revealed a small
fortified late Phase II Whittlesey village dated at A.D. 1340.
Ceramic analysis and spatial distribution indicate a homogeneous
stylistic tradition possibly representing uxorilocality. Lithic
variations appear to represent functional and manufacturing activity
sets. Floral, faunal, and paleopathological analyses suggest that
this period represents the shift to maize dependence, |
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