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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(1-2):1-22 Monongahela Settlement Patterns and the Ryan Site Richard L. George |
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The 1971 excavation of the Ryan site (36Wm23) in Westmoreland
County, Pennsylvania, provided the author with the opportunity to
synthetically explore Monongahela settlement and habitation
patterns. The Ryan site village layout, structures, and feature
types are discussed and compared to other published data.
Hypothetical factors involved with the upland location of the Ryan
site and other Monongahela sites are discussed. It is concluded that
territoriality was the most important reason for the upland location
of many sites although defense, subsistence, and the adjacency of
sites to "Indian" paths are all connected, therein. Ethnological
data is utilized in various portions of the paper. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(1-2):31-112 The Boarts Site: A Lithic Workshop in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania J. M. Adovasio, G. F. Fry, J. Zakucia, and J. Gunn. With sections by R. Carlisle, V. Cowin, D. Clark, J. Donahue, M. McConaughy, R. Maslowski, and R. Somer. Appendix by J. Zakucia |
| The Boarts site (36LR36) is an aboriginal lithic workshop and
specialized activity site located in close proximity to a chert
quarry . Evidence indicates the site and the adjacent quarry were
intermittently visited and differentially utilized for some 9,000
years. Artifacts from the site are described and discussed in detail
and observations are offered on prehistoric technology and tool use
in this section of western Pennsylvania |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(3):1-31 Recent Research in the Upper Susquehanna Valley, New York State ..... Robert Funk, Bruce Rippeteau, & Ralph M. Houck |
| Excavations on stratified flood plain sites have produced
considerable data on the culture history of the Upper Susquehanna
Valley. The emphasis on the systematic dissection of living floors
in alluvial matrices, usually in multi-component sites, and the
extensive use of radiocarbon dating have together constituted an
approach of unique power, profound in its implications for regional
and northeastern prehistory . The established sequence began with an
assemblage containing Otter Creek points dated 3780 B.C. ± 110
years. Following a hiatus of some 1500 years, perhaps occupied by
late Laurentian groups, was a long succession of cultures,
beginning in the Late Archaic period with late Lamoka components
(ca. 2200-1 800 B.C.), proceeding through th e newly recognized
Vestal phase (ca.1850-1800 B.C.) and a phase represented by
Normanskill type points (ca. 18 00-1700 B.C.; the relative sequence
of Vestals and Normanskills is still uncertain) , then into a Snook
Kill horizon (1670 B.C. ±130 years). The Transitional period is
exemplified by the Frost Island phase (ca. 1600-1300 B.C.) and the
Early Woodland period by the Meadowood phase (one date of 1230 B.C.
± 95 years). The Middle Woodland period is subdivided into the Canoe
Point phase (A.D. 140 ± 1 00 years), the Fox Creek phase (A.D. 360 ±
100 years), the Kipp Island phase (A.D. 830 ± 90 years), and
Hunter's Home phase (A.D. 905 ± 250 years), with a few intermediate
assemblages in the presumed evolutionary column. The sequence
concludes with late prehistoric and Iroquoian manifestations,
although evidence for the latter is still meager. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(3):32-39 Monongahela Flint and Associated Workshops in the Chartiers Valley, Washington County, Pennsylvania Ronald W. Eisert |
| The problems of identifying flints which prehistoric man used
for his implements and locating their geological origins has often
confronted both professional and amateur archaeologists. To assist
in the dissemination of information regarding flint studies, a local
lithic material occurring in the central region of the Chartiers
Valley of southwestern Pennsylvania is examined. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(3):40-41 More on Humpback Knives R. E. McDaniel |
| The small humpback triangular artifacts thought to be knives and
found on Monongahela sites in the Ohio-Pennsylvania region have also
been found on Montgomery County, Maryland, Monongahela-like sites
along the Potomac River. The author proposes an evolutionary
hypothesis for the Potomac Piedmont area knife types. The older
oval-shaped hump back evolved into a triangular humpback, and
finally , with the arrival of the western hum p knife, the
triangular form was also abandoned. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(3):42-47 |
| The Lenape Lake Rock Shelter is a single component site near
Delaware Water Gap, Pennsylvania. The principal artifact type was
shell-tempered pottery. The remains of one deer were found. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(4):1-5 |
| Two recently excavated Shenks Ferry sites near Bainbridge ,
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, have yielded a small amount of
previously unrecorded pottery. These vessels appear to be associated
with the Funk phase of the Shenks Ferry culture, at least in these 2
sites. However, these variant forms are not purely Shenks Ferry. A
certain number of Monongahela traits also seem to be involved. It is
suggested that this is a minority form resulting from interaction
between Shenks Ferry and Monongahela. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(4):7-8 |
| This article considers the anthropological evidence against the
use of the term Unalachtigo for the third Delaware trib e and
presents evidence for the substitution of the term "Winetkok" which
is used by the Delaware themselves. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(4):9-19 |
| Culturally related settlements and adaptive patterns from
tidewater Virginia to southern New England are recognized for the
eastern Piedmont and coastal areas. These recently defined complexes
are part of an Early to Middle Woodland cultural-temporal continuum.
The use of argillite, originating at quarry sources in the middle
Delaware Valley, for chipped stone tools is an important unifying
factor. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(4):20-25 |
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The Prince Mound on East Sugar Island was excavated during the 1969
field season. This mortuary structure contained a purposely
constructed mound floor upon which 3 individuals had been placed, 2
of them being mature while 1 was immature. This burial mound and
others in the area can best be ascribed to the Rice Lake Phase of
the Middle Woodland period. A radiocarbon date of A.D. 60 ± 12 0 has
been obtained for this mound. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(4):29-41 |
| The Barnesville Track Rocks Petroglyphs site,33BL2, Belmont
County, Ohio, is described, its motifs are detailed, and comparisons
are made between it and other petroglyph sites studied by the author
in his continuing investigation of petroglyph sites in the Upper
Ohio Valley . In many instances this article repeats segments of the
author's Rock Art of the Upper Ohio Valley now in press. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(4):42-43 |
| A mathematical method for calculating vessel
diameters from pottery rim sherds. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(4):44-51 |
| An interest in anthropology in Pennsylvania may be traced back
to several of the early explorers and settlers of the region. The
later course of the discipline, and particularly archaeology , is
considered by means of a framework of major stages and periods (see
Fig. 1). One overall trend has been toward a more formal approach to
the study , both by professionals and non-professionals. The
founding of the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology and the
establishment of the state historical and museum commission are seen
as significant events in this developmental scheme. |
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1974 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 44(4):52-60 |
| Nine different stypes of 19 th Century reed-stem clay tobacco
pipes are described and illustrated from a vill age dump in the town
of Mogadore , Summit County , Ohio. Most, if not all, of these .
pipes are believed to have been manufactured by the Akron Smoking
Pipe Co., of Mogadore, between 1884 and1895. Many Mogadore pipes are
distinguishable by virtue of mold marks found in the bottom of the
pipe bowl. Two additional pipe styles are described from another
small dump in Mogadore but are less certainly ascribed to the Akron
Smoking Pipe Co. |
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