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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(1):1-13 The Discovery of the Sheep Rock Shelter (Site 36Hu-l) E. J. Stackhouse & M. W. Corl |
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The Sheep Rock Shelter (Site 36Hu-1) is a dry rock shelter on the
Raystown Branch of the Juniata River, in Huntingdon County,
Pennsylvania. It was discovered in 1957 by John E. Miller of
Westwood Park, Pa. Exploratory tests and excavations were carried
out by Miller, the authors, and other members of the Society for
Pennsylvania Archaeology during the summer of 1958. These revealed
an extensive dry midden of Susquehannock origin, containing
quantities of vegetable material ordinarily lost on open sites.
Recognizing the importance of the site the authors called it to the
attention of the Pennsylvania State Museum, which is now conducting
the excavation in conjunction with Pennsylvania State University.
The paper covers the preliminary exploration by the authors and
their associates. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(1):14-20 Evidence for Horticulture During Early-Middle Woodland Times in the Eastern United States Pete Fitzer |
| Although there is direct evidence of cultivated maize, beans,
sunflower, and various cucurbits during the Early-Middle Woodland
period (1000 B.C .-500 A.D.), it is probable that horticulture
played little part in the primary forest efficiency economy of most
of the Eastern United States in this period. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(1):21-34 The Crystal Rock Site: An Early Onondaga Oneida Site in Eastern Ontario James F. Pendergast |
| Salvage excavation of an almost completely eroded Iroquoian site
near Prescott, Ontario has yielded a small sample of bone and
stonework accompanied by a somewhat larger ceramic sample. Ceramic
analysis places the Crystal. Rock site between Lanoraie and Roebuck
in point of time, but relationships to known sites are not close.
Anomalies in the pottery typology suggest the need for controlled
excavations of sites in Ontario and in contiguous portions of New
York State and Quebec, where related Sites are known to exist. The
origin of circular punctate decoration, persistence of dentate stamp
decoration, and origin of crescentic moon, pipes are among the
problems which might be clarified by such a survey. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(1):35-38 An "Indian" Dugout Canoe from Wyoming County, Pennsylvania Gene McCracken |
| A supposed Indian dugout canoe, recently discovered on the
bottom of Lake Winola, Wyoming County, Pa., shows unusually fine
workmanship and was probably made with metal tools. The canoe-one of
two found in the lake by skin-divers-may have been made by an early
settler of the region rather than by an Indian. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(2):43-55 The Wilson Site, Bradford County, Pennsylvania Catherine McCann |
| The Wilson Site, on the North Branch of the Susquehanna River in
Bradford County, Pennsylvania (also known as the East Towanda
Fairgrounds Site), was partially excavated in the summer of
1957 by members of the Andaste Chapter, Society for Pennsylvania
Archaeology. The excavations revealed a late component, identified
from the series as protohistoric Susquehannock of ca. 1550 A.D., and
a lower component separated from the upper occupation level by 18-24
inches of comparatively sterile soil. This early component, on the
basis of finds of steatite sherds, Susquehanna Broad points, and
steatite-tempered potsherds, is attributed to the Transitional
period between Archaic and Early Woodland. Small but possibly
significant differences between the steatite-tempered pottery and
that of southern and coastal regions suggest that the Wilson Site
ware may represent a late development in this tradition. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(2):56-58 |
| This report supplements two previous papers by W. Fred Kinsey,
III below ), and extends Kinsey's survey south of the Pennsylvania
border in Maryland. Four fluted points and three scrapers from
private collections are illustrated and described. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(2):59-83 |
| The Eschelman Site ( 36 La 12) is a large refuse midden in the
town of Washington Boro, Pa., one of four sites which comprise
portions of a Susquehannock village. Excavations by the
Pennsylvania State Museum in 1949 recovered 58,119 bone fragments of
which 23,614 could be identified; these are the subject of the
present study. Seventy-Three species of vertebrates were identified,
including 26 Species of mammals, 33 birds, 5 reptiles, 2 amphibians
and 7 fish, and some conclusion reached as to the quantity of meat
represented. Study of cuts and scoring consistently present on the
bones examined made it possible to deduce the skinning and
butchering techniques followed by the Susquehannocks of this period.
In the case of the larger game animals (bear, deer and elk) a
logical sequence of butchering operations could be deduced. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(3-4):91-96 |
| Tradition and history have confused the identity of "Logan, the
Mingo," whose Lament is a classic of Indian literature. Study of the
sources shows that he was Tachnechdorus or "Captain John Logan," the
elder of two sons of the Iroquois statesman Shickellamy. He emerges
as-in his own words-a man "of two souls," personification of the
paradox which has made the Indian at once the hero and demon of
frontier legend. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(3-4)::97-98 |
| Decorations on clay pipes found on Revolutionary War encampments
in New York City suggest the loyalty to the Stuart cause which
persisted, especially in Scotland, long after the Hanoverian
succession. Both pipes bear the Scottish crowned thistle; one,
however, has the Stuart arms while the other has the Hanover arms. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(3-4):99-130 |
| Excavation of two cemeteries in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania,
has cast fresh light on the beginning and end of a sequence of
Susquehannock sites in that area. The Blue Rock Cemetery appears to
be the cemetery of the nearby Schultz town site ( 36 La 7) of 1575-
1595, the earliest Susquehannock town known in the Washington Bora
area. The Middle Cemetery at the Strickler Site ( 36 La 3) is
thought to be the earliest of three cemeteries of a village of
1640-1675. This sequence is supported both by pottery seriation and
by changes in the quantity and kind of European trade goods,
especially glass beads. A new early Susquehannock pottery type, Blue
Rock Valanced, is defined; this has previously been treated as a
subtype of Schultz Incised. The anomalous late type, Strickler
Cord-marked, is seen as a result of a combination of forces acting
on the Susquehannock potters after ca. 1625. These include contacts
and possible consolidation with such western tribes as the
Monongahela people of ·the upper Ohio, during the fur trade wars of
the 17th century, rapid dilution and generalization of the
Susquehannock ceramic traditions, a reversion to functional styles,
and degeneration of the native ceramics as brass kettles became
available through trade with Europeans. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(3-4):131-137 |
| Comparison of the animal remains from the Quaker State
Rockshelter, a Woodland site on the upper Allegheny River, with
those from an open village site ( the Eschelman Site at Washington
Boro, Pa. ) suggests that many of the smaller animals found had
lived in the rockshelter independently of the Indian occupation.
Bones of recently introduced animals were also found. Some
differences in the butchering cuts at the thousand-year-old Woodland
and early contact Susquehannock sites may be attributable to the
smaller pots used at the earlier site, which required further
dissection of the animal carcasses before cooking. |
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1962 Pennsylvania Archaeologist 32(3-4):138-156 |
| A series of horizons found consistently in shell middens on the
east bank of the Hudson River, on and near Croton Point, are
correlated with stages of high and low sea level in the postglacial
sequence established by Fair bridge. This correlation provides an
independent means of assigning a tentative chronology to the sites
in question. The dates assigned are consistent with radiocarbon
dates determined for culturally similar sites elsewhere in the New
York-New England area. The sequence begins with middens containing
giant oysters; this "GO" Horizon is assigned to the Older Peron High
of 5800-4500 B.P. A preceramic stage of the later "Q" Tradition,
characterized by use of local quartzite pebbles, correlates with the
Younger Peron High of 3800-3500 B.P. Pottery enters the Q Tradition
about 3000 B.P. A confirming C-14 date of 5863 ±200 B.P. has been
obtained for the GO Horizon. |
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